Reflections: CT Radiation Risk and Informed Consent

By Alina Hsu

Perhaps as a result of the body of research documenting physicians’ ignorance of CT radiation risks, Richard C. Smelka, MD, author of a Medscape blog on radiology, reports that a “plethora” of physicians have contacted him about improving the way they inform patients of the risks.  He provides three samples of new imaging informed consent forms in this post

Among  those physicians who are aware of the risks, some worry that giving patients accurate information would be too scary, and patients would avoid needed diagnostic scans.  There is some anecdotal evidence that this is not the case:  patients are quite capable of understanding the small incremental risk and comparing this with the diagnostic value of CT or other imaging tools.  Even if it were the case that patients judged the diagnostic scans to be too risky, that is no reason for physicians to fail to disclose the risks:  physicians must respect the patient’s judgment.  And the second sample in the above post, from Steven Birnbaum, MD of Southern New Hampshire Medical Center is a stellar example of frank, respectful, understandable, and accurate information.  (It is also non-scary.) 

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What physicians don’t know about the risks of CT scans

By Alina Hsu

There’s been a lot of discussion recently about the risks of CT scans, partly in response to the new imaging data reported by Hospital Compare.

According to an article by Rita F. Redberg, M.D., M.Sc., in Engineering a learning healthcare system:  A look at the future:  Workshop summary,  (p. 128) “[an estimated] 2 percent of all cancers in the United states are attributable to radiation from CT scans, and…some 3 million additional cancers can be expected in the next decade because of increased use of CT scans.”  Further, the increased use of CT scans has not been associated with decreases in mortality or improved health outcomes.  According to the FDA, CT screening is also associated with false positives, which may necessitate costly, painful, invasive and unneeded follow-up procedures that may themselves present additional risks.  The incremental increase in cancer risk for an individual is very small compared to the baseline risk, but at a population level there is reason for concern.

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